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Taiwan: Economic and Political Outline
Economic Indicators | Foreign Trade in Figures | Sources of General Economic Information | Political Outline
After almost five decades of sound economic management, Taiwan has managed to go from an underdeveloped agricultural island, to an economic power that is a leading producer of high-technology goods.
Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy in which the authorities' control of investment and foreign trade is gradually diminishing. Highly vulnerable to global economic shocks and fluctuations of the demand, the island was severely affected by the international financial crisis, with its economy contracting by -1.9% in 2009. The recovery was very dynamic in 2010, driven by an increase in exports, which are the engine of Taiwanese growth, as well as by a vast stimulus plan. Estimated at 9.3% in 2010, growth should nevertheless slow down in 2011.
Given that the Taiwanese economy has begun to grow again, the government’s priority is no longer to manage the crisis. A reform of the fiscal system has been announced, together with measures to combat inflation. The country signed a trade agreement with China, in order to avoid becoming marginalized by the ASEAN countries. In the long-term, Taiwan will have to deal with problems of population aging, low birth rate and diplomatic isolation.
The unemployment rate, which reached almost 6% in 2009, dropped to 5.3% in 2010 and should continue to decline in 2011.
| Main Indicators | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 (e) | 2013 (e) |
| GDP (billions USD) | 377.45 | 429.85e | 504.61 | 551.32 | 598.49 |
| GDP (Constant Prices, Annual % Change) | -1.9 | 10.9 | 5.2e | 5.0 | 4.9 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | 16,326 | 18,558 | 21,592e | 23,380 | 25,154 |
| General Government Balance (in % of GDP) | -3.7 | -4.7 | -4.2 | -3.3 | -1.2 |
| General Government Gross Debt (in % of GDP) | 38.1 | 38.6 | 38.5 | 37.9 | 35.5 |
| Inflation Rate (%) | -0.9 | 1.0 | 1.8e | 1.8 | 2.0 |
| Unemployment Rate (% of the Labor Force) | 5.9 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
| Current Account (billions USD) | 42.91 | 39.90e | 55.43e | 60.51 | 61.58 |
| Current Account (in % of GDP) | 11.4 | 9.3e | 11.0 | 10.3 | - |
Source: IMF - World Economic Outlook Database ; World Bank , Last Available Data
Note: (e) Estimated Data
The agricultural sector contributes very marginally to the GNP and employs 5% of the workforce. Taiwan's main crops are rice, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables. Taiwan has limited natural resources and croplands are cultivated intensely.
The secondary sector accounts for a significant part of the GNP. Even though traditional industries such as iron and steel, chemical products and mechanics still account for almost half the industrial production, new industries are more dynamic. Taiwan is one of the world's biggest suppliers of semi-conductors, computers and mobile telephones. It is also the world's biggest supplier of computer monitors.
Services contribute about 70% to the GDP and employ slightly under 60% of the workforce.
The country, which has to deal with the continuous relocation of labor-intensive industries to countries where labor is cheaper (especially China), will have to rely on new conversions, in order to move from a high-technology based economy to a services oriented economy.
Distribution of Economic freedom in the world
Source: 2011 Index of Economic freedom, Heritage Foundation
See the Country Risk Analysis Provided By Ducroire.
Foreign trade has been Taiwan's growth driver, representing almost 130% of the GDP in 2009. Taiwan's economy remains very export-oriented, so much so that it depends on an open world trade regime and remains vulnerable to downturns of the world economy. The electronics sector is Taiwan's most important industrial export sector and also the one that receives most of the American investment. Taiwan, as an independent economy, became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu ("Chinese Taipei") in January 2002. Taiwan main exports partners are China, Hong Kong, United States and Japan. For more information, refer to the COMTRADE website. The island shows a surplus trade balance and this trend should continue in the coming years.
Source: Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2010, Reporters Without Borders
Map of freedom 2010
Source: Freedom House
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Last Updates: January 2012