Setting Up a Company

Types of Companies and Capital (Max/Min)	Number of Partners/Shareholders and Liability
Tovarichtchestvo s ogranitchennoï otvetstvennostiou is a limited liability company. USD 471,000	no minimum. The liability is limited to the amount of share, except in the case of a bankruptcy caused by founders where the liability can be beyond the value of share capital.
Zakrytoye aktsionernoye obchtchestvo is a close cooperation joint stock company. USD 471,000	no minimum. The liability is limited to the amount of share, except in the case of a bankruptcy caused by founders where the liability can be beyond the value of share capital.
General partnership USD 1,000	No minimum Limited by contributions
Limited partnership USD 1,000	No minimum Limited by contributions

Source: Doing Business.

Business Setup Procedures: Consult Doing Business Website, to know about procedures to start a Business in Kazakhstan.
Invest in Kazakhstan, Business Registration.

Working Conditions

Legal Weekly Duration: 40 hours
Retirement Age: 61 years
Working Contracts: The labour contract is governed by legal provisions and to a lesser extent by collective agreements and individual negotiation.
The formalism of labour contract is very rigid. The procedures for layoff and hiring are rather flexible.

Minimum Wage: 9,752 tengue (80.40 USD). This amount does not facilitate a comfortable living in Kazakhstan.
Average Wage: Average monthly gross earnings in Kazakhstan is KZT 63,570 (USD 417).
Social contributions: Social Security Contributions Paid By Employers: 31.5%.
Social Security Contributions Paid By Employees: Every employee should pay 10% of his salary to pension fund whose present withdrawals benefit them and they should also contribute for their own withdrawal.

Social Dialogue and Involvement of Social Partners: The employees are protected against any anti union discrimination by the law. But violations to this law have taken place (union members have been dismissed and threatened). Big enterprises have also created conditions so that creation of a union and collective negotiations are rendered impossible.

The law guarantees the right to strike but its application is legally highly controlled. The government has drawn a list of strategic industries and companies in which strike is authorised according to certain conditions. Generally, the employees can only go on strike if a dispute has not been resolved through existing arbitration channels. The employees should necessarily give the employers an advance notice of 15 days for the strike.
Unions: Federation of Unions
Unionization Rate: 32.8 % in 2006 (as per Federation of Unions)
Labor Regulation Bodies: Labour Ministry

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